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Cyber Crime Tips

AnyCriminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrument, targetor a means for perpetuatingfurther crimes comes within the ambit ofcyber crime. A generalised definition of 'cyber crime may be unlawfulacts, wherein the computer is either a tool or target or both.'

Last Updated -19th December 2005

The Computer may be used as a tool in the following kinds of activity-

Financial Crimes

Pornography

Online Gambling

Intellectual Property Crime

e-mail Spoofing

Forgery

Cyber Defamation

Harassment

Cyber Stalking (Following a person's movement through the Internet)

The Computer may, however be target for unlawful acts in the followingcases -

Unauthorised access to the Computer, Computer system, Computer Network

Theft of information contained in the electronic form

E-mail Bombing

Trojan Attacks

Internet Time Thefts

Theft of Computer Systems

Cyber Crimes could be directed against individuals (in person or property),organisations (Government or firms) or the society at large.

Cyber-Terrorism

Cyber-Terrorism is the convergence of terrorismand cyberspace. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks andthreats of attack against computers, networks, and the information storedtherein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people inthe furtherance of political or social objectives.

How is an e-mail Traced?

E-Mails are one of the most common tools to carry out a crime. e-mailtracking is one of the most common duties of cyber crime investigators.The investigator needs to look at each point through which the e-mailpassed, working step by step back to the originating computer, and,eventually. the p[er[etrator. Forensic e-mail tracing relies on computerlogs. A computer log is a record of each e-mail message that passesthrough a computer in a network and provides an audit trail of everymachine an e-mail has passed through.

Any computer on a network has an Internet protocol address (the virtualequivalent of a street address). For evidence purposes, an investigatorneeds to prove that a certain e-mail originating address traveled througha machine by verifying the message ID on a log of e-mail transactionstogether with the date and time the address was recorded. If an e-mailis not faked, it becomes a matter of determining who used the machineat the time the suspect message was sent.

More sophisticated suspects will fake their e-mails. There are severalways of faking e-mails, which include spoofing, remailing, relaying,spamming, stealing, and bogus accounts. Some of these use e-mail programsthat strip the message header from the message before delivering itto the recipient or bury the message header within the e-mail program.

In other cases, the "form" line in a message header is faked.Other offenders steal someone else's e-mail account or set one up temporarilyusing bogus address information. Once the physical presence of the perpetrator'sPC has been located, it is confiscated, and the forensic analyst makesexact copies (called image copies) of the computer's hard drives. Theforensic analyst looks for the file fragments or portions of any emailsthat contain specific references to the offending message.

Why is e-mail Tracing Becoming more Difficult?

There are trends that suggest e-mail tracing will become more difficultin the future. For example, some new products comming on the marketstrip e-mail headers, encrypt the message, and then destroy it aftera period of time. Terrorists were found to be resorting to using the'dead letter box' system: someone creates an e-mail account, gives thepassword to several members of a group and communicates by saving messagesin a draft messages folder without sending them.

Communication by this method cannot be monitored because governmentsystems for tracking emails work only if someone sends an e-mail.

Smart programers are always looking for ways to get around the audittrail, and investigators always seem to be playing catch-up when tracinge-mail However e-mail tracing is likely to remain an essential partof computer forensics.

Disclaimer: The Cyber Crime Tips / Informationpresented and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors anddo not necessarily represent the views of TipsAndTreats.com and/orits partners.

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